@article {1375, title = {Preliminary Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Taraxacum officinale Leaf Extract: An in vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {277-282}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {277}, abstract = {

Background: Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) is known for its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, which exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Oral inflammatory lesions, such as oral lichen planus and aphthous stomatitis, are associated with microbial imbalance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study evaluates the potential of T. officinale leaf extract as a natural alternative for treating these lesions. Objectives: To assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of T. officinale leaf extract, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent for oral inflammatory lesions. Materials and Methods: Ethanol was used to extract bioactive compounds from dried T. officinale leaves. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring protein denaturation inhibition. Cytotoxicity was tested using zebrafish embryos, with survival rates and developmental changes monitored. Results: The leaf extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, inhibiting both S. aureus and E. coli, especially at higher concentrations. Antioxidant activity was notable, with near-complete free radical scavenging at higher doses. Anti-inflammatory effects were concentration-dependent, with maximum inhibition of protein denaturation at 100 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity studies revealed dose-dependent toxicity, with reduced survival in zebrafish embryos at 40 μL/mL and higher concentrations. Conclusion: T. officinale leaf extract demonstrates strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting its potential as a treatment for oral inflammatory lesions. However, its dose-dependent toxicity highlights the need for further research to determine safe and effective therapeutic doses.

}, keywords = {anti-inflammatory activity, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, Dandelion, Natural therapeutics, Oral inflammatory lesions, Taraxacum officinale}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252021}, author = {Namira Fateen and Abilasha Ramasubramanian and Pratibha Ramani} } @article {1443, title = {Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Formulation of Opiorphin and Lysozyme: An in vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {831-835}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {831}, abstract = {

Background: The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of opiorphin and lysozyme are vital for health maintenance and disease prevention. Opiorphin reduces oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and boosting antioxidant enzymes. Lysozyme helps manage inflammation, supporting quicker healing in infections and injuries. These properties protect cellular components from damage, regulate inflammation and promote recovery. Understanding and utilizing these effects can enhance medical treatments and overall health. Materials and Methods: opiorphin is purchased in powder form and lysozyme is obtained from artificial saliva. Anti-inflammatory assay is performed with 0.2 mL of albumin and 3 mL of phosphate buffer in pH of 6.4+combination of opiorphin and lysozyme taken in different concentrations (20, 40, 60 ug/ mL). Likewise, antioxidant assay with 28 mM of sodium phosphate, 0.6M sulphuric acid+, 4M of ammonium molybdate+opiorphin and lysozyme and anti-bacterial assay with freshly prepared nutrient broth of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutants. Results: In anti-inflammatory assay, higher concentrations of the substance result in increased absorbance, indicating greater anti-inflammatory activity. Salicylic acid has the highest absorbance, suggesting it is the most effective in this assay. In an antioxidant assay, a minimal increase after increasing concentration is noted, measured by absorbance at 517 nm. Likewise, HC shows larger inhibition zones compared to LC. Conclusion: Lysozyme and opiorphin have numerous beneficial qualities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ones. The findings are quite valuable. Although lysozyme and opiorphin alone have several advantages, when combined, they would improve or synergize the process. To create a medicine, research must be conducted in tandem to determine its pharmacophore and binding energy.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory property, Antibacterial property, Antioxidant property, Lysozyme, Opiorphin}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252125}, author = {Vimalasubhashini Vivekbalamithran and Abilasha Ramasubramanian and Saheb Ali} }