@article {1372, title = {Herbal Mouthwash Post-Implant Surgery: A Natural Shield against Plaque and Gingivitis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {251-254}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {251}, abstract = {

Background: The key aspect of preventing gingivitis and associated problems is effective plaque reduction. There are several chemical agents on the market that prevent plaque formation. Herbal remedies have been utilized in dentistry recently to counteract the adverse effects associated with chemical agents. This study compares the antiplaque and antigingivitis properties of herbal and chemical mouthwash following implant surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted among 50 patients who had undergone dental implant surgery. 50 individuals, among 20 to 50 years of age, were divided into two groups: Group A (Herbal mouthwash) and Group B (Chemical mouthwash). Silness and Loe Plaque Index (PI) and Loe and Silness Gingival Index (GI) were evaluated at baseline and after 1 month. Paired and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: A statistically significant improvement in PI and GI was observed in both the groups on intragroup comparison (p\<0.05). Nevertheless, the results of the intergroup comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference in PI and GI scores (p\>0.05). Conclusion: Following implant surgery, herbal mouthwash was equally effective to chemical mouthwash in preventing plaque formation and gingivitis.

}, keywords = {Bacterial plaque, Chemical plaque control, Gingivitis, Mouthwash, Phytotherapy}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252038}, author = {Nivedha Nedumaran and Arvina Rajasekar} } @article {1368, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Infused Microspheres: An in vitro Exploration of their Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Virtues}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {244-250}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {244}, abstract = {

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids are vital polyunsaturated fats that are fundamental to maintaining overall health and well-being. Objectives: This research focused on the preparation of omega-3 fatty acid microspheres and evaluated their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: Omega-3 fatty acid microspheres were developed using the water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion method. The resulting microspheres were analyzed for their surface characteristics using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Various concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were subjected for characterization. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized microspheres was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were assessed through protein denaturation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. Results: Particle size analysis showed that over 90\% of the produced microspheres ranged from 32 to 55 μm. Nauplii lethality was assessed over two days. At 25 μg/mL, no mortality was observed on either day. However, on day 2, mortality was 20\% at both 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL concentrations. Additionally, protein denaturation and DPPH assays indicated a significant increase in inhibition percentages as the concentration of omega-3 fatty acid microspheres increased. Conclusion: The omega-3 fatty acid microspheres developed in this study was non-cytotoxic and exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making them an ideal candidate for local drug delivery applications.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Fatty acid, Free radical, Inflammation}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252014}, author = {Johnisha Harris John Manohar and Arvina Rajasekar} }