@article {1346, title = {Diabetes: Exploring the Intersection of Metabolic Disorders, Lifestyle Factors and Herbal Remedies: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {11-17}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

A chronic metabolic disorder, Diabetes mellitus significantly poses a health challenge globally. The escalating prevalence of diabetes, coupled with concerns regarding the side effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs, has spurred increased interest in exploring alternative therapeutic approaches. Herbal medicines, deeply rooted in traditional healing practices, have emerged as promising candidates for managing diabetes. The objective of this review is to optimise the current scientific literature on herbal medicines employed as antidiabetic agents. The review encompasses an in-depth analysis of diverse medicinal plants which have potential for management of T2DM. The potential of these herbal remedies in improving insulin sensitivity, modulating glucose metabolism and mitigating diabetes-related complications are established. Furthermore, the review critically examines clinical studies evaluating the potency and safe usage of herbal medicines in diabetic populations. Emphasis is placed on highlighting the need for further research and addressing challenges associated with standardization and quality check of herbal preparation. The integration of herbal medicines into mainstream diabetes care is explored, considering the potential for synergistic use with conventional therapies. In nutshell; this review consolidates existing knowledge, sheds light on promising avenues for future research and emphasizes the significance of herbal medicines in the quest for effective, safe and sustainable antidiabetic interventions. The wealth of traditional wisdom encapsulated in these natural remedies presents a valuable resource in the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes management.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Diabetes, Herbal plants, Metabolic Disorder, T2DM}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251951}, url = {https://readarticle.org/lensarticle/diabetes-exploring-the-intersection-of-metabolic-disorders-lifestyle-factors-and-herbal-remedies-a-review/}, author = {Shweta Bhandari and Rahul Trivedi and Rajesh A. Maheshwari and Swetaba Besh and Maitri Mahant and Sapana Patil and Vishal Garg and Ram Singh} } @article {1433, title = {Extraction and Quantification of Allicin: A Bioactive Component of Allium sativum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {728-739}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {728}, abstract = {

Allicin, a bioactive compound found in garlic, exhibits remarkable pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Its therapeutic potential has garnered substantial attention, leading to efforts to refine extraction and quantification methods for precise analysis in garlic-based products. This review examines advanced techniques for allicin extraction from garlic, including Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Supercritical Water Extraction (SCWE), and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). UAE employs ultrasonic waves to improve mass transfer and solvent penetration, optimizing allicin yield while reducing extraction time. SCWE utilizes the unique properties of water above its critical point to extract allicin efficiently and selectively, providing an eco-friendly alternative. MAE uses microwave energy to rapidly heat solvents, enhancing allicin extraction through improved penetration and dissolution. Alongside these extraction methods, this review highlights analytical techniques for allicin quantification, including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. HPLC offers exceptional sensitivity and specificity for splitting and measuring allicin in complex matrices, making it invaluable for accurate pharmacokinetic studies and quality control of pharmaceutical formulations. HPTLC offers quick screening with minimal sample preparation, ideal for routine investigation and batch testing of garlic extracts. UV spectroscopy, a cost-effective technique, detects allicin through its characteristic absorption spectra, enabling quick evaluations of garlic product quality and stability. This review consolidates recent advancements in allicin extraction and quantification techniques, emphasizing their applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food sectors. Future research aims to optimize extraction parameters to maximize allicin yield and develop robust analytical methods to address the growing demand for quality assurance and therapeutic efficacy in garlic-based products.

}, keywords = {Allicin, Extraction, Garlic, Quantification}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252211}, author = {Dhanya B. Sen and Deven K. Parmar and Ashim Kumar Sen and Rajesh A. Maheshwari and Aarti S. Zanwar and Krupa Joshi and Shaileshkumar K. Koradia} } @article {1506, title = {Modulation of Glucose Homeostasis and Behavioral Parameters by Passiflora edulis in a Rodent Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced by High Fructose Intake}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1-5}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Background: Syndrome X (Metabolic syndrome), commonly associated with high-fructose dietary intake, is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and related neurobehavioral impairments. Passiflora edulis Extract (EPE), rich in bioactive compounds, is investigated for its potential therapeutic effects on fructose-induced MS. Materials and Methods: A total of five groups were formed using female Wistar rats (200-250 g, n=6). Group I served as the control group; Group II was exposed to 20\% fructose to induce metabolic syndrome; Groups III to V received fructose along with EPE at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg doses, respectively, for a duration of 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters (blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and behavioral markers (locomotor activity, immobility time, fall time, paw withdrawal time) were recorded. Serum insulin was measured, and HOMA-IR was calculated. Results: Chronic fructose intake significantly increased blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR values, indicating metabolic disruption. EPE administration significantly reduced these values in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest efficacy observed at 1000 mg/kg. EPE also improved behavioral outcomes: it increased fall time and locomotor activity, while decreasing immobility time and paw withdrawal time, demonstrating improvements in motor coordination, depressive-like behavior, and pain sensitivity. Effects were more pronounced at higher EPE doses. Conclusion: EPE significantly ameliorated both metabolic and neurobehavioral impairments induced by fructose in rats. Its dose-dependent efficacy suggests promising as a plant-based therapeutic for controlling metabolic syndrome and related behavioral dysfunctions.

}, keywords = {Behavioral Markers, Fructose, HOMA-IR, Insulin resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, Passiflora edulis Extract}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252369}, author = {Kinjal P. Patel and Rajesh A. Maheshwari and Nilay Solanki and Jagdish Kakadiya} } @article {1417, title = {Modulatory Effects of Passiflora edulis on Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Adipokines in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {571-576}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {571}, abstract = {

Background: This research explores the restorative effects of Passiflora edulis extract counter to liver damage and metabolic disruptions caused by a high-fructose diet in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The consumption of fructose resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, signaling liver damage, along with notable changes in the lipid profile, including TG, TC and LDL and HDL all of which are characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the Passiflora edulis extract were administered to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Results: The results demonstrated that extract meaningfully dropped SGPT and SGOT levels, suggesting liver protection, particularly at the higher doses (500 and 1000 mg/ kg). However, the 250 mg/kg dose did not have a substantial outcome on ALP levels, indicating that a higher dosage is needed for optimal liver protection. Additionally, extract improved lipid profiles by falling TG, TC and LDL levels, while boosting HDL, indicating its potential to correct lipid imbalances associated with metabolic syndrome. At higher doses, extract also improved adipokines levels, increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin and resistin, which are linked to better insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. Histopathological analysis showed that extract mitigated liver damage, with the most significant improvement observed at the 1000 mg/kg dose, where the liver tissue appeared almost normal. Conclusion: These results suggest that extract has beneficial effects on liver function and metabolic disturbances, predominantly at higher doses, positioning it as a hopeful substance for treating metabolic syndrome-related conditions. Subsequent studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term effects of extract in metabolic diseases.

}, keywords = {Adipolines, Fructose, Hepatic enzymes, Histopathological Analysis, Lipid profile, Metabolic Syndrome}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252058}, author = {Kinjal P. Patel and Rajesh A. Maheshwari} }