@article {1317, title = {Evaluating Bioactive Potential of Lichen Secondary Metabolites for the Formulation of Mosquito Repellent}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {908-916}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {908}, abstract = {

Background: Mosquitoes belong to the major disease transmitters causing millions of deaths every year. The cost of commercially available pyrethroids, environmental regulations and toxicity of commercial repellents force researchers to develop potential repellents of natural origin. Lichens comprise of bioactive compounds exhibiting multifarious biomedical potential. Objectives: In this present study, Parmotrema species was analyzed for its biomedical potential including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and repellent activity. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by albumin denaturation and protease inhibition assay. The repellent potential evaluated against third and fourth-instar larvae of Aedes ageypti. Conclusion: Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and FRAP assay exhibited IC50 of 16.08 μg/mL and 24.6 μg/mL respectively. Anti-inflammatory potential via inhibition of albumin denaturation and protease inhibition assay shown maximum inhibition at 100 μg/mL with IC50 value of 17.02 μg/mL and 27.5 μg/mL respectively. The repellent test confirmed that at 100 μg/mL, 90\% of mortality rate was recorded. The repellent cream formulated form lichen extract exhibited 86.6\% protection and smoke toxicity test demonstrated 26.6\% protection against Aedes ageypti. Thus, the study evidenced the proven biomedical potential of methanolic lichen extract.

}, keywords = {Larvicidal activity, Lichen, Mosquito, Mosquito repellent activity, Secondary metabolites}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.103}, author = {Shanmugam Poornima and Vivekanandhan Vidhya Sree and Jaganathan Geethanjali and Rajamanickam Karishma and Moorthy Viksha and Balasubramani Suresh Gopi and Ganesan Kishore} } @article {1318, title = {Formulation and Evaluation of Jatropha curcas Latex Based Gel for the Treatment of Canker Sores}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {917-922}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {917}, abstract = {

Background: The recent food habits of the people causing severe health issues. One of the most relevant oral problems that disturb the daily life of the people is canker sores. The latex of Jatropha curcas can be used as a promising agent to treat canker sore. Objectives: The latex of Jatropha curcas was found to hold the capability to boost the speedy curing of the canker sores in the mouth. Materials and Methods: The activity of Jatropha curcas was compared with Solanum nigrum, which was already proven to be used as an ingredient in the formulation of various oral related drugs products. The activity of latex of Jatropha curcas in terms of anti-bacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays have been analyzed and compared with leaves of Solanum nigrum. Results: Six different formulations of Jatropha curcas latex based gel was prepared and subjected to evaluation of physicochemical properties. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity studies of the formulations were performed to assess the cellular growth in the presence and absence of active ingredients in the formulations. The IC50 values were also determined to find the minimal concentration to inhibit 50\% of cell population.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant Assay, Cytotoxicity Activity, Jatropha curcas, Latex}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.104}, author = {Shanmugam Poornima and Manickam Sanjeev Kumar and Palanisamy Divya and Balasubramani Suresh Gopi and Ganesan Kishore and Srinivasan Naresh and Balachandiran Harinidevi} }