@article {1264, title = {Exploring the Logic Behind the Usage of Fresh Drugs in Ayurvedic Formulations through Preliminary Phytochemistry and HPTLC Analysis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {549-557}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {549}, abstract = {

Background: Ayurvedic principles provide guidelines for medicinal herb usage, emphasizing differences in fresh and dried forms. Emphasis is given to the use of doubled quantities of raw drugs when taken in fresh form, focusing on some exceptions like Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Linn.), where double quantity is not required even if taken in fresh form. Despite this, practical challenges often favour the prevalent use of dried forms. Objectives: To validate the Ayurvedic principle for drug selection in formulations through preliminary phytochemistry and HPTLC analysis of Tinospora cordifolia Linn., stems and the decoction prepared with fresh and dry samples in different amounts. Materials and Methods: Fresh and dried Tinospora cordifolia Linn., stems were separately extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol using a Soxhlet continuous extraction apparatus. Guduchi decoctions were prepared with dry and fresh drugs in the required quantities and double quantities. Chromatographic studies of these samples were analyzed using HPTLC with specific mobile phases. Results: Preliminary physicochemical analysis provided similar results for fresh and dry samples. HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of more spots in decoction prepared with new samples and the spots were practically identical irrespective of the quantity taken. Analysis of dry Guduchi samples suggests that taking double the required amount in dry form is better. Further, the methanol extracts exhibited more spots, indicating the prevalence of polar compounds. Conclusion: This study enhances our understanding of Ayurvedic drug usage, suggesting using fresh Guduchi samples in decoctions. For dry samples, doubling the quantity is advised for optimal efficacy. It also provides a foundation for further exploration of its medicinal efficacy.

}, keywords = {Fresh and Dry drug selection, Guduchi, HPTLC, Preliminary phytochemistry, Soxlet extraction, Tinospora cordifolia}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.65}, author = {Sree Deepthi GN and Thirupataiah Boini and Praveen Balakrishnan and Krishna Kumar V and Sinimol TP} } @article {1269, title = {HPTLC, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Seeds with Special Reference to its Ethnopharmacological Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {581-587}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {581}, abstract = {

Background: Kodo millet, botanically (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is one among the minor millets cultivated mostly in Asian and African continents. Dr. M.S Swaminathan, father of Indian green revolution called all millets as orphan{\textquoteright}s food. Moreover, most of these millets including Kodo millets have been in use since antiquity by the indigenous communities across the globe for medicinal purpose also. Ayurvedic science also indicates Kodo millet in the management of conditions like diarrhoeal disorders, wound, poison, bleeding disorders, Obesity, Ascitis. In the scenario of escalating significance of millets in light of the United Nations General Assembly{\textquoteright}s declaration of 2023 as "The International Year of Millets," a scientific analysis of Kodo millet is urgently needed in order to standardize and ensure its quality. Objectives: For the purpose of standardizing Kodo Millet seeds, HPTLC, physico-chemical and phytochemical analyses were carried out. Review of literature of its ethnopharmacological uses was also done, because its documentation is essential for creating awareness among the public and scientific community. Materials and Methods: HPTLC and physico-chemical analysis of Kodo millet seed were conducted. Alcoholic extraction (reflux) of seed powder was done for phytochemical analysis. The best fingerprint for HPTLC analysis was obtained using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Formic acid as the mobile phase (5:7:3:0.1). Review of literature of its ethnopharmacology was conducted by searching indexed journals and books. Results and Conclusion: Physicochemical analysis revealed identity and purity of Kodo millet grains. Proteins, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids were found to be the phytochemicals present in it. The peaks in the HPTLC fingerprint profile correlate to its different phytoconstituents and can be utilized to standardize the drug. Ethnopharmacological review revealed its use in many conditions like Diabetes mellitus, wound healing, bowel cleansing and inflammation. Moreover, it is even used in treating veterinary diseases like Ranikhet disease in poultry and Tympanic disease of cattle.

}, keywords = {Ethnopharmacology, HPTLC, Kodo Millet, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.69}, author = {Sinimol Thekkekkoottumughath Peethambaran and Sree Deepthi GN and Soumya MC and Sreenidhi Varma and Natarajan M} }