@article {149, title = {Suppression of Polyps Formation by Saffron Extract in Adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+ Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {98-101}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {98}, abstract = {

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been used both as a food additive for flavoring and coloring and in traditional medicine. Saffron extract and its main component crocin decrease the growth of several types of human cancer, including colorectal cancer in vitro. Numerous polyps develop in the small intestine in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) deficiency mice. ApcMin/+ mice are models for human familial adenomatous polyposis and human colon cancer patients. In this study, we examined the efficacy of saffron extract added to diet on reducing the polyp density in ApcMin/+ mice. ApcMin/+ mice were either given a placebo or saffron extract (0.1\% and 0.5\%) diet for 4 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, intestines were analyzed for polyp number in the small intestine. Our analysis confirmed that crocin (1), crocin-2 (2), and crocin-4 (4) are the major compounds in the saffron extract and the content of 1 in the tested saffron extract was 29.2\%. Saffron extract decreased the number of intestinal polyps in a concentration-dependent manner in ApcMin/+ mice. Notably, the number of polyps in the distal small intestine of the mice fed with 0.5\% saffron extract was significantly decreased compared with the placebo. These results indicate that saffron extract can reduce the polyp number in the ApcMin/+ mice.

}, keywords = {Adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+ mice, Crocin, Crocus sativus, Intestinal polyps, Saffron}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_152_18}, author = {Kyoko Fujimoto and Tomoe Ohta and Hitomi Yamaguchi and Nguyen Huu Tung and Gen Fujii and Michihiro Mutoh and Takuhiro Uto and Yukihiro Shoyama} } @article {309, title = {Suppression of Polyps Formation by Saffron Extract in Adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+ Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {98-101}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {98}, abstract = {

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been used both as a food additive for flavoring and coloring and in traditional medicine. Saffron extract and its main component crocin decrease the growth of several types of human cancer, including colorectal cancer in vitro. Numerous polyps develop in the small intestine in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) deficiency mice. ApcMin/+ mice are models for human familial adenomatous polyposis and human colon cancer patients. In this study, we examined the efficacy of saffron extract added to diet on reducing the polyp density in ApcMin/+ mice. ApcMin/+ mice were either given a placebo or saffron extract (0.1\% and 0.5\%) diet for 4 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, intestines were analyzed for polyp number in the small intestine. Our analysis confirmed that crocin (1), crocin-2 (2), and crocin-4 (4) are the major compounds in the saffron extract and the content of 1 in the tested saffron extract was 29.2\%. Saffron extract decreased the number of intestinal polyps in a concentration-dependent manner in ApcMin/+ mice. Notably, the number of polyps in the distal small intestine of the mice fed with 0.5\% saffron extract was significantly decreased compared with the placebo. These results indicate that saffron extract can reduce the polyp number in the ApcMin/+ mice.

}, keywords = {Adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+ mice, Crocin, Crocus sativus, Intestinal polyps, Saffron.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_152_18}, author = {Kyoko Fujimoto and Tomoe Ohta and Hitomi Yamaguchi and Nguyen Huu Tung and Gen Fujii and Michihiro Mutoh and Takuhiro Uto and Yukihiro Shoyama} } @article {342, title = {Antithrombotic Activity and Saponin Composition of the Roots of Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. Growing in Vietnam}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {333-338}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {333}, abstract = {

Background: Panax bipinnatifidus (PB) Seem. is a highly valuable and indigenous medicinal plant wildly distributed in the northwest region of Vietnam. The PB root has been used as a tonic in Vietnamese traditional medicine, but its chemical profile and pharmacological activity have not been extensively studied. Objective: In this study, we investigated the major saponin components and antithrombosis activity of the root of PB. Materials and Methods: Individual saponins were isolated by column chromatography. The structural elucidation of the isolated saponins was based on analyses of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectra. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of the isolated compounds was run on an Agilent 1260 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. To evaluate antithrombotic activity, in vitro anticoagulant, platelet aggregation, and clot lysis effects were successively tested by the respective protocols. Results: Two principal saponins were isolated from the butanolic fraction of the root of PB, and their structures were identified as stipuleanoside R2 (1) and araloside A methyl ester (2). The HPLC analysis suggested that the two isolated saponins are major saponins of the title plant. The biological testing showed that both the crude and butanolic extracts of PB exhibited significantly antiplatelet aggregation activity. The efficacy linearly increased according to the tested doses (0.5{\textendash}5 mg/mL). On anticoagulant activity, only butanolic extract exhibited positive action via prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time at the high dose. Conclusion: These results suggested that PB Seem. might bring benefits for preventing cardiovascular events through inhibition of platelet aggregation.

}, keywords = {Anticoagulant, Araliaceae, araloside A methyl ester, Panax bipinnatifidus. Seem, Platelet aggregation, stipuleanoside R2}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_58_18}, author = {Vu Thi Thom and Nguyen Huu Tung and Dang Van Diep and Dang Thi Thuy and Nguyen Thi Hue and Dinh Doan Long and Bui Thanh Tung and Pham Thanh Huyen and Duong Thi Ly Huong} } @article {511, title = {Kayeassamin A Isolated from the Flower of Mammea siamensis Triggers Apoptosis by Activating Caspase-3/-8 in HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {244-248}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {244}, abstract = {

Background: Mammea siamensis (Miq.) T. Anders. is used as a medicinal plant in Thailand and has several traditional therapeutic properties. In a previous study, we isolated eight compounds from the flower of M. siamensis and demonstrated that kayeassamin A (KA) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against human leukemia and stomach cancer cell lines. Objective: In this study, we investigated the effect of KA on cell viability and apoptotic mechanisms in HL-60 human leukemia cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation were observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The sub-G1 phase of cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after the cellular DNA had been stained with propidium iodide. The protein levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspases were determined by Western blotting. Results: KA exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induced chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and sub-G1 phase DNA content, known as molecular events associated with the induction of apoptosis. In addition, KA strongly induced the activation of PARP and caspase-3 and -8, with weak caspase-9 activation. Furthermore, KA-induced DNA fragmentation was abolished by pretreatment with z-VAD-FMK (a broad caspase inhibitor), z-DEVD-FMK (a caspase-3 inhibitor), and z-IETD-FMK (a caspase-8 inhibitor), but not by z-LEHD-FMK (a caspase-9 inhibitor) pretreatment. Conclusion: These results indicate that KA triggers apoptotic cell death by activation of caspase-3 and -8 in HL-60 cells.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Caspase, Kayeassamin A, leukemia, Mammea siamensis}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188884}, author = {Takuhiro Uto and Nguyen Huu Tung and Pinjutha Thongjankaew and Sorasak Lhieochaiphant and Yukihiro Shoyama} }