@article {146, title = {Euphorbia hirta Methanolic Extract Displays Potential Antioxidant Activity for the Development of local Natural Products}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {78-85}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {78}, abstract = {

Background: The level of free radicals, which counteract the capability of the antioxidant system in plant products, is often measured in advance for further promising antidisease effect. Objective: In this study, we sought to evaluate the antioxidant activity of local medicinal plants (Angelica keiskei, Annona muricata, Chromolaena odorata, Clinacanthus nutans, Euphorbia hirta, and Leea indica) for their potential of use as distinctive local natural nutraceutical products. Materials and Methods: To recover active compounds, including yield and composition of the plants, the solvent extraction method, the Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu method, the aluminum chloride approach, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay were first performed to evaluate the antioxidant level and capacity of the plant extracts. Results: The aqueous extracts presented the highest yield for all plants, with the highest yield observed in C. nutans. However, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in the methanolic extract of E. hirta rather than in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract of E. hirta also exhibited the most promising antioxidant activity, with the 50\% inhibition concentration (IC50) value of DPPH inhibition at 0.013 mg/mL. Conclusion: High total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as low IC50 value, suggested that E. hirta methanolic extract is a potential antioxidant agent for the development of local natural products for disease treatment.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Free radical scavenging activity, Natural product, Total flavonoid content, Total phenolic content}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_113_18}, author = {Aziana Ismail and Maizan Mohamed and Yap Fon Kwei and Khoo Boon Yin} } @article {304, title = {Euphorbia hirta Methanolic Extract Displays Potential Antioxidant Activity for the Development of Local Natural Products}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {78-85}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {78}, abstract = {

Background: The level of free radicals, which counteract the capability of the antioxidant system in plant products, is often measured in advance for further promising antidisease effect. Objective: In this study, we sought to evaluate the antioxidant activity of local medicinal plants (Angelica keiskei, Annona muricata, Chromolaena odorata, Clinacanthus nutans, Euphorbia hirta, and Leea indica) for their potential of use as distinctive local natural nutraceutical products. Materials and Methods: To recover active compounds, including yield and composition of the plants, the solvent extraction method, the Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu method, the aluminum chloride approach, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay were first performed to evaluate the antioxidant level and capacity of the plant extracts. Results: The aqueous extracts presented the highest yield for all plants, with the highest yield observed in C. nutans. However, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in the methanolic extract of E. hirta rather than in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract of E. hirta also exhibited the most promising antioxidant activity, with the 50\% inhibition concentration (IC50) value of DPPH inhibition at 0.013 mg/mL. Conclusion: High total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as low IC50 value, suggested that E. hirta methanolic extract is a potential antioxidant agent for the development of local natural products for disease treatment.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Free radical scavenging activity, Natural product, Total flavonoid content, Total phenolic content.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_113_18}, author = {Aziana Ismail and Maizan Mohamed and Yap Fon Kwei and Khoo Boon Yin} } @article {577, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effect of Barringtonia racemosa and Hibiscus sabdariffa Fruit Extracts in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {66-70}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Background: The fruits of Barringtonia racemosa and Hibiscus sabdariffa have been used in the treatment of abscess, ulcer, cough, asthma, and diarrhea as traditional remedy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate cytotoxic effect of B. racemosa and H. sabdariffa methanol fruit extracts toward human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and its antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Total antioxidant activities of extracts were assayed using 2,2{\textquoteright}-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Content of phytochemicals, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric method and Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu{\textquoteright}s reagent, respectively. Cytotoxic activity in vitro was investigated through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: B. racemosa extract exhibited high antioxidant activities compared to H. sabdariffa methanol fruit extracts in DPPH radical scavenging assay (inhibitory concentration [IC50] 15.26 {\textpm} 1.25 μg/mL) and {\ss}-carotene bleaching assay (I\% 98.13 {\textpm} 1.83\%). B. racemosa also showed higher TPC (14.70 {\textpm} 1.05 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g) and TFC (130 {\textpm} 1.18 mg quercetin equivalents [QE]/g) compared to H. sabdariffa (3.80 {\textpm} 2.13 mg GAE/g and 40.75 {\textpm} 1.15 mg QE/g, respectively). In MTT assay, B. racemosa extract also showed a higher cytotoxic activity (IC50 57.61 {\textpm} 2.24 μg/mL) compared to H. sabdariffa. Conclusion: The present study indicated that phenolic and flavonoid compounds known for oxidizing activities indicated an important role among the contents of these plants extract. B. racemosa methanol extract have shown potent cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7. Following these promising results, further fractionation of the plant extract is underway to identify important phytochemical bioactives for the development of potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activities, Barringtonia racemosa, Cytotoxic activity, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171104}, author = {Norliyana Amran and Anis Najwa Abdul Rani and Roziahanim Mahmud and Khoo Boon Yin} }