@article {1480, title = {Therapeutic Potentials of Piper betle Leaf: Insights into Its Medicinal Uses and Bioactive Compounds}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1077-1097}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1077}, abstract = {

Plant extracts, composed of bioactive non-nutrient phytochemicals, have historically stood out as a primary reservoir for the development of new leads in anticancer drug research. Piper betel (L.), a widely cultivated plant in Asia, particularly renowned for its medicinal properties, has been traditionally employed in treating various health ailments. Piper betel L., commonly known as Pan and belonging to the Piperaceae family, flourishes in regions like Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Taiwan, and other Southeast Asian countries. Remarkably, P. betel leaves have shown significant effectiveness against various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The oil extracted from betel leaves holds potential as a raw material in the production of medicines, perfumes, mouth fresheners, tonics, and food additives. Rich in nutrients and possessing anti-carcinogenic properties, betel leaves present a promising avenue for the development of drugs targeting blood cancer. This comprehensive review serves as a scientific compendium for researchers and manufacturers engaged in the development of products derived from betel leaves. Widely dubbed as "Green Gold," betel leaves serve various purposes including stimulation, antiseptic action, and breath freshening. Their diverse properties encompass anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-haemolytic, anti-diabetic, and anti-ulcer effects. This review not only furnishes fundamental insights into the manifold effects of betel leaves but also delineates the phytochemical compounds found in their extracts and essential oils, safety profiles, and value-added products.

}, keywords = {Chemical properties, History of betel leaf, Physical properties, Therapeutic activities}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252107}, author = {Ruchi Tiwari and Shivam Verma and Pranshul Sethi and Pijush Dutta and Rajesh Devarai} } @article {1080, title = {Development and Assessment of Phytophospholipid Nanovesicular Systems for Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {360-368}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {360}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most prevalent and problematic consequence of diabetes mellitus, with the highest rates of morbidity and death, as well as a significant financial burden on diabetes treatment. Aside from commercially available formulations, substantial research on herbal-based natural therapies to treat hyperglycemia and related consequences is underway. Objectives: The major aim of the study was to use an ethosomal gel to improve transdermal penetration of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata and to overcome the challenges of low transdermal drug delivery permeability. Materials and Methods: Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata loaded ethosomes were made using a cold process with various amounts of ethanol and soya lecithin, and were improved based on entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, and ex-vivo investigations. Results: The optimized ethosomal formulation was then put into a gel and evaluated. Ex-vivo tests were conducted with Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata ethosomal gels, which were compared to plain gel. The ethosomal system produced vesicles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm, a spherical, smooth surface, and a maximum entrapment efficiency of Ne9. A modified ethosomal system (Ne9) was introduced into the gel and studied further. Conclusion: According to the findings, the ethosomal gel has a lot of potential for transdermal Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata administration.

}, keywords = {Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, Drying studies, Ethosomal gel, Ethosomes, Ex-vivo studies}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.54}, author = {Gaurav Tiwari and Deepa Yadav and Bhuwanendra Singh and Abhitendra Kumar and Pranay Wal and Ruchi Tiwari} }