@article {1213, title = {Isolation, Purification and Characterization of L-Carvone from Mentha longifolia Using Fractional Distillation and Quantified by Gas Chromatography}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {156-160}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {156}, abstract = {

Menta longifolia is an aromatic herb consists of dried aerial parts of Mentha longifolia belongs to family Lamiaceae. Overground parts of the plant yield 2-4\% of an essential oil, of which the chief component appears to be the monoterpene ketone, carvone. Mentha longifolia thus approaches spearmint (Mentha spicata) rather than peppermint (M. piperita) in oil composition. Other major constituents of the essential oil, according to various studies, include piperitenone and its oxide, piperitone and its oxide and pulegone. The present study involves isolation of l-Carvone from Mentha longifolia using fractional distillation as a tool for separation which was quantified using Gas chromatography. Characterization of purified L-Carvone was done using NMR spectroscopy (1HNMR and 13C-NMR). Fractions collected using fractional distillation was evaluated for anti-microbial activity for further studies.

}, keywords = {Gas chromatography, L-Carvone, Mentha longifolia, NMR.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.20}, author = {Hayat M. Mukhtar and Nishant Kumar and Amandeep Singh and Abhay Sharma and Priyanka and Prince Ahad Mir} } @article {1208, title = {Pharmacognostic Standardization, Heavy Metal Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Iris kashmiriana Baker Rhizome}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {123-131}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {123}, abstract = {

Background: Iris kashmiriana Baker, often known as Mazarmond, is a plant species classified under the Iridaceae family. This specific botanical specimen has notable therapeutic properties and has been traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases. The rhizomes are considered to be a substantial repository of secondary metabolites and have been extensively investigated for their potential in many activities, including immunomodulation, anticancer capabilities, antibacterial effects, and anthelmintic qualities. Currently, there is a lack of study about the establishment of standardization methods for the plant. Aim: the purpose of this research was to conduct standardization, phytochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis, and assessment of the antioxidant capacity of the rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana Baker, a native plant found in the Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: The botanical specimens were gathered, subjected to a process of air drying in a shaded environment, and afterwards ground into a fine powder. The techniques used for conducting pharmacognostic investigations and phytochemical screening were in compliance with the guidelines set out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Results: Several distinct features were observed after the implementation of organoleptic, microscopic examination, standardization, and phytochemical analysis. The quantities of all heavy metals were found to be under the acceptable range set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the plant extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion: This research serves as a first endeavour in the process of standardizing Iris kashmiriana rhizomes, with the objective of creating a comprehensive profile of their attributes. The results obtained from this inquiry may be used as a valuable point of reference for taxonomic verification and quality control of the perennial plant. Furthermore, the use of standardized rhizomes may be investigated as a potential alternative in the field of medicine for addressing various ailments. This alternative approach presents a higher level of safety and a decreased likelihood of unpleasant responses.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity., Iris kashmiriana Baker, Phytochemical analysis, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.15}, author = {Saeema Farooq and Roohi Mohi-ud-din and Prince Ahad Mir and Reyaz Hassan Mir and Nishant Kumar and Zulfiqar Ali Bhat} } @article {1027, title = {In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ficus infectoria Fruits}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {153-157}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {153}, abstract = {

Background: Antioxidants are chemical substances, either synthetic or natural, that can avert or slow down a range of cellular damage. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Ficus infectoria fruits. Materials and Methods: DPPH free radical quenching test, reducing power technique, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging tests were used to assess antioxidant efficacy. In vitro anti-inflammatory experiments were also investigated for membrane stabilization potential and inhibition of proteins from denaturation. Results: Fruits included alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, flavonoids, and amino acids, according to phytochemical study. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic and aqueous preparations were determined to be 576.16 {\textpm} 129.10 and 416.12 {\textpm} 112.01 mg/g Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) and 423.17 {\textpm} 56.48 and 253.35 {\textpm} 24.07 mg/g Rutin Equivalents (RE) respectively. In comparison to the benchmarks Rutin and ascorbic acid, both preparations showed significant DPPH and H2O2 quenching efficacy. As compared to the standard Indomethacin, both preparations have strong membrane stabilising and protein denaturation inhibitory potencies Conclusion: The current findings point to Ficus infectoria{\textquoteright}s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the active ingredients relevant for the activity must be identified and purified, and the exact mechanism must be determined.

Key words: Ficus infectoria, Membrane stabilization, Protein denaturation, Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory.

}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.2.22}, author = {Prince Ahad Mir and Shreya Mahajan and Ashish Verma and Nishant Kumar and Manisha Arora and Navneet Nagpal} } @article {1074, title = {Pharmacognostical Standardization, Phytochemical Characteristics of Stem-bark of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {316-320}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {316}, abstract = {

Background: Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb (ZA) also known as {\textquoteleft}Indian Prickly Ash{\textquoteright} is a member of the Rutaceae family. It is native to the Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, and various other parts of India and is an important medicinal plant species. The stem bark of the plant is known to be a particularly rich source of medicinal compounds, and it is frequently utilized as an anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent. Despite the high therapeutic efficacy of bark, nothing is known about the requirements for its standardization. Since the quality control and standardization qualities of the product must be thoroughly documented, of the stem bark of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb was produced as a result of the current research, which may be seen here. As part of this research, the stem bark of Z. alatum was harvested, dried in the shade, and then pulverised. The establishment of pharmacognostical standards was accomplished via the use of techniques such as microand macroscopy, physicochemical parameters, extractive values, and fluorescence analysis. Results: There were numerous distinguishing traits in the stem bark of Z. alatum Roxb that were discovered using macroscopic, microscopic, and physical-chemical criteria. Conclusion: This is the first research to provide a comprehensive pharmacognostic profile of the stem bark of Z. alatum Roxb, and it will be a helpful source of information in the development of pharmacognostic criteria for identification, purity, quality, and categorization of Z. alatum Roxb stem bark.

}, keywords = {Indian Prickly Ash, Microscopical features, Phytochemical screening., Standardization, Zanthoxylum alatum}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.3.46}, author = {Nishant Kumar and Pooja Puri and Navdeep Kaur and Jasreen Uppal and Apporva Chawla and Monika and Prince Ahad Mir} } @article {1024, title = {Traditional and Herbal Medicines: Opportunities and Challenges}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {107-114}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {107}, abstract = {

Background: Since ancient times natural herbs were extensively used for the treatment and prevention of various ailments and in past few decades, due to an extensive research in traditional system of medicine various herbal medicines have been developed for the prevention and treatment of diseases, which are environmentally, organically safe and inexpensive. Indian sub-continent has a good capability to tackle the task of meeting the worldwide demand for such products due to its rich wealth in case of herbal medicine. Historically, Indian people conventionally played a vital role in the development and management of these biological sources and also preserve their pertinent data that were accumulated via trial and error over centuries. Objectives: Due to tremendous global resurgence in traditional and alternative healthcare systems, the market for herbal medicines has grown at an impressive rate and therefore has great economic importance. However, the primary barriers to the expansion of herbal medicine include biodiversity loss, over-exploitation and improper use of medicinal plants, industrialization, biopiracy, and a lack of regulation and infrastructure. For the expansion of herbal medicine usage in the twenty-first century, conservation, proper research based on traditional knowledge, quality control of herbal medicine, and correct documentation are required. Methods: The desired and encouraging testifying items for systematically evaluated reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) standards were opted. A literature exploration was accomplished utilizing SCIENCE DIRECT, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR to locate articles for the present scenario about traditional and herbal medicines. Conclusion: The availability and type of conventional medicine safety and effectiveness data are far from sufficient to fulfil the requirements required to support its use globally. This review paper examines the restrictions and issues associated with conservation, science and technology, regulatory constraints, potential usage of herbal medicines, the drug production industry, safety and efficacy, and the prospects for traditional remedies on a nationally and internationally scale.

Key words: Traditional medicines, Herbal medicines, Healthcare system, Regulatory constraints, Traditional Knowledge, Quality control.

}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.2.15}, author = {Sachin Saggar and Prince Ahad Mir and Nishant Kumar and Apporva Chawla and Jasreen Uppal and Shilpa and Anmoldeep Kaur} }