@article {855, title = {Brine shrimp Lethality and Acute Oral Toxicity Studies on Swietenia mahagoni (Linn.) Jacq. seed Methanolic Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {September 2010}, pages = {215-220}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {215}, abstract = {

Background: The seeds of Swietenia mahagoni have been applied in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, malaria, amoebiasis, cough, chest pain, and intestinal parasitism. Here we are the first to report on the toxicity of the Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. Methods: SMCM seed extract has been studied for its brine shrimp lethality and acute oral toxicity, in mice. Results: The brine shrimp lethality bioassay shows a moderate cytotoxicity at high concentration. The LC50 for the extract is 0.68 mg/ml at 24 hours of exposure. The LD50 of the SMCM seed extract for acute oral toxicity in mice is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic seed extract may contain bioactive compounds of potential therapeutic significance which are relatively safe from toxic effects, and can compromise the medicinal use of this plant in folk medicine.

}, keywords = {Acute oral toxicity, Brine shrimp, Swietenia mahagoni seeds}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.69107}, author = {Geethaa Sahgal and Surash Ramanathan and Sreenivasan Sasidharan and Mohd Nizam Mordi and Sabariah Ismail and Sharif Mahsufi Mansor} } @article {841, title = {The Evaluation of Antinociceptive Activity of Alkaloid, Methanolic, and Aqueous extracts of Malaysian Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves in rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {July 2010}, pages = {181-185}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {181}, abstract = {

Mitragyna speciosa Korth is a medicinal plant indigenous to Thailand and Malaysia and has been known for its narcotic and coca-like effects. Many studies have been performed on the antinociceptive effect of the plant extracts of Thai origin; however, limited studies have been reported till date on M. speciosa extracts of Malaysian origin. Various concentrations of alkaloid (5{\textendash}20 mg/kg), methanolic (50{\textendash}200 mg/kg), and aqueous (100{\textendash}400 mg/kg) extracts of Malaysian M. speciosa leaves were prepared and orally administered to nine groups of rats. Morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) and aspirin (300 mg/kg, p.o.) were used as control. Antagonism of the antinociceptive activity was evaluated by pretreatment with naloxone at a dose of 2 mg/kg (i.p.). Results showed that oral administration of the alkaloid (20 mg/kg), methanolic (200 mg/kg), and aqueous (400 mg/kg) extracts significantly prolonged the latency of nociceptive response compared with control groups in both hot plate and tail flick tests (P \< 0.05). Antinociceptive action of the alkaloid (20 mg/kg), methanolic (200 mg/ kg), and aqueous (400 mg/kg) extracts was significantly blocked by naloxone. In conclusion, these results suggest the presence of antinociceptive effect in various extracts of Malaysian M. speciosa leaves. In addition, the antinociceptive effective doses vary depending on the type of solvents used for extraction.

}, keywords = {Alkaloid, Antinociceptive, Aqueous, Extract, Methanol, Mitragyna speciosa}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.65514}, author = {Azadeh Sabetghadam and Surash Ramanathan and Sharif Mahsufi Mansor} }