@article {1379, title = {Asarone and Shyobunone Content in Indian Acorus calamus Fresh Plants and Dried Rhizome Samples}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {313-325}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {313}, abstract = {

Background: Acorus calamus, traditionally used as a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and analgesic agent, has α-asarone, β-asarone, and shyobunone as its major phytoconstituents. β-asarone is associated with dose-dependent cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Ascertaining content of these phytoconstituents becomes essential for developing safe and efficacious medicines from this plant. Objectives: The study aimed to estimate the content of α-asarone, β-asarone and shyobunone in Acorus calamus fresh plants and dried rhizome samples collected from different regions of India. Materials and Methods: Dried rhizomes and fresh rhizomes and leaves of Acorus calamus were collected from various locations in India. Novel, simple, rapid and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods for estimation of α-asarone, β-asarone and shyobunone were developed and validated. 0.05\% Ortho Phosphoric Acid (OPA) in water: acetonitrile (55:45) for simultaneous estimation of α-asarone and β-asarone and 0.05\% Ortho Phosphoric Acid (OPA) in water, acetonitrile and methanol (15:40:45) was the mobile phase used for analysis of shyobunone. Results: The content of α-asarone, β-asarone, and shyobunone in various calamus samples ranged from 0.004-0.10\% w/w, 2.30-4.40\% w/w and 0.018-0.10\%w/w respectively. All rhizome samples were found to contain higher amounts of these phytoconstituents, followed by leaves. Within the dried rhizomes, these phytoconstituents were found to be localized in greater amounts within the wood, as compared to the bark. Conclusion: The content of β-asarone in the calamus samples is found to be lower than what has been reported earlier in the Indian varieties, possibly due to spontaneous mutations with alteration in {\textquoteleft}ploidy{\textquoteright} status.

}, keywords = {Acorus calamus, Shyobunone, α-asarone, β-asarone}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251997}, url = {https://readarticle.org}, author = {Sonali Dangat and Komal Sawate and Rushikesh Ghuge and Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra and Anantha Narayana and Alka Mukne} } @article {840, title = {Novel strategies for optimized delivery of select components of Allium sativum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {August,2014}, pages = {334-340}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {334}, abstract = {

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum) has been known to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities which are attributed mainly to the organosulfur compounds present in it. Allicin and garlic oil, components obtained from garlic, have been explored and found to be biologically active on various fronts. Allicin is known to have major stability issues due to rapid degradation even at low temperatures, whereas garlic oil, being lipophilic, shows poor bioavailability after oral administration. Objective: To develop novel strategies for optimum delivery of allicin and garlic oil so as to achieve effective availability in the physiological system. Materials and Methods: Garlic cloves were lyophilized to obtain allicin-releasing garlic powder (ARGP). This powder was analyzed spectrophotometrically and was used to formulate buccal tablets. Garlic oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of garlic cloves and analyzed by gas chromatography. Self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNS) containing garlic oil were prepared using suitable surfactants and cosurfactants. The SNS were adsorbed on Aerosil 200 and filled in hard gelatin capsules. Both the formulations were suitably evaluated. Results: Buccal tablets containing ARGP showed satisfactory physical parameters as well as in vitro drug release, mucoadhesive strength, moisture uptake capacity and drug content. Evaluation of capsules containing SNS of garlic oil also gave satisfactory results. The adsorbed SNS when dispersed in water formed nanoemulsions. Conclusion: Buccal tablets as well as capsules containing garlic oil SNS provide promising strategies to overcome the difficulties associated with formulation of allicin and garlic oil.

}, keywords = {Allicin, Buccal tablets, Garlic oil, Nanoemulsions}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.138288}, author = {Avinash G Phadatare and Vivek Viswanathan and Alka Mukne} }