@article {516, title = {Influence of the Extractive Method on the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds in Different Parts of Hymenaea martiana Hayne}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {270-275}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {270}, abstract = {

Background: Popularly known as {\textquotedblleft}jatob{\'a},{\textquotedblright} Hymenaea martiana Hayne is a medicinal plant widely used in the Brazilian Northeast for the treatment of various diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different extractive methods in the production of phenolic compounds from different parts of H. martiana. Materials and Methods: The leaves, bark, fruits, and seeds were dried, pulverized, and submitted to maceration, ultrasound, and percolation extractive methods, which were evaluated for yield, visual aspects, qualitative phytochemical screening, phenolic compound content, and total flavonoids. Results: The highest results of yield were obtained from the maceration of the leaves, which may be related to the contact time between the plant drug and solvent. The visual aspects of the extracts presented some differences between the extractive methods. The phytochemical screening showed consistent data with other studies of the genus. Both the vegetal part as the different extractive methods influenced significantly the levels of phenolic compounds, and the highest content was found in the maceration of the barks, even more than the content found previously. No differences between the levels of total flavonoids were significant. The highest concentration of total flavonoids was found in the ultrasound of the barks, followed by maceration on this drug. According to the results, the barks of H. martiana presented the highest total flavonoid contents. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that both the vegetable and the different extractive methods influenced significantly various parameters obtained in the various extracts, demonstrating the importance of systematic comparative studies for the development of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

}, keywords = {Extractive methods, Hymenaea martiana, Phenolic compounds}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188885}, author = {Fernanda Granja da Silva Oliveira and Sarah Raquel Gomes de Lima-Saraiva and Ana Paula Oliveira and Suzana Vieira Rab{\^e}lo and Larissa Ara{\'u}jo Rolim and Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida} } @article {850, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Cnidoscolus quercifolius (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, pages = { 345-349}, chapter = {345}, abstract = {

Background: Cnidoscolus quercifolius is a species popularly known as "favela" and "faveleira", and belonging to the Caatinga biome (semi-arid vegetation, Brazil), where is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract from barks (Cqb-EtOH) and leaves (Cql-EtOH) of C. quercifolius in mice using experimental models of inflammation. Materials and Methods: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract was performed. The activity was evaluated by paw edema induced by carrageenan and leukocytes migration to the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenan methods. Results: A preliminary analysis of Cqb-EtOH revealed that it contained coumarins, flavonoids, monoterpenes/diterpenes and naphthoquinones, while the Cql-EtOH showed positive reaction to coumarins, anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, lignans and triterpenes/steroids. Cqb-EtOH and Cql-EtOH (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited significantly (P \< 0.01) the increase in the edema volume after administration of carrageenan. In the peritonitis test, acute pretreatment with Cqb-EtOH and Cql-EtOH (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the leukocyte migration. Conclusions: It can be concluded that extracts from the barks and leaves of C. quercifolius have anti-inflammatory activity, which supports the popular use of this plant to treat inflammation. Thus, extracts has significant anti-inflammatory properties, which are related probably to inhibition of release of mediators of the inflammatory process.

}, keywords = {Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Euphorbiaceae, Inflammation, Medicinal plants}, doi = { 10.4103/0974-8490.138290}, author = {Leandra Macedo de Araujo Gomes and Leandra Macedo de Araujo Gomes and Juliane Cabral Silva and Julianeli Tolentino de Lima and Lucindo Jose Quintans-Junior and Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida} }