The Use of Caffeine Products in Saudi Arabia

The most used psychoactive substance globally is caffeine. Recently, the introduction of numerous products containing caffeine, as well as shifts in the consumption of both natural and artificial sources of caffeine, has received the attention of health experts. However, there is a lack of information on the consumption patterns of coffee and caffeinated products in different regions of the Saudi population. Therefore, this review aims to identify gender differences, pharmacological effects and risk of toxicity among caffeine product users in Saudi Arabia. Although there are regulations from the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), there have been concerns about excessive caffeine consumption among the youth population. According to the available studies, the prevalence of coffee consumption is high among Saudi females. The extent of caffeine toxicity in Saudi Arabia is not well documented; however, given the widespread use of caffeine in the country, it is possible that instances of caffeine toxicity may arise. It should be emphasized that caffeine toxicity is not common and usually occurs only with extremely high levels of caffeine consumption. This review offers valuable insights into caffeine consumption patterns in Saudi Arabia, which can benefit a range of stakeholders, including scientists, healthcare providers and consumers. To ensure safe caffeine consumption and minimise the risk of negative outcomes arising from insufficient knowledge about its use, there is a need to educate individuals and raise public awareness about caffeine intake.